Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
Published on: July 3, 2025
Bifunctional Graphene-Based Metal-Free Catalysts for Oxidative Coupling of Amines
Hongwei He1, Zhen Li1, Kai Li1
1Lab of Advanced Nano Structures & Transfer Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354 , P. R. China.
Abstract:
Graphene oxide (GO), an emerging material ornamented with oxygen-containing functional groups, is becoming a promising alternative for various applications. The piranha solution treatment of GO can increase oxygen-containing functional groups and result in improved graphene oxide (IGO), as well as restore the functional groups lost because of the reaction. It is found that GO can oxidize the amine to the corresponding imine in the absence of oxygen and a catalyst, and the obtained IGO even shows higher activity. In addition, the piranha solution can partially restore the reactivity of GO after the reaction. The different roles of oxygen-containing functional groups in the oxidative coupling reaction are investigated. A possible reaction mechanism for the oxidation of benzylamine to N-benzylidene benzylamine is also proposed.
Related Concept Videos
Alkali Metals
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
Oxidation Numbers
Metal-Ligand Bonds
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Properties of Transition Metals
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...

