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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates01:21

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Understanding the motion of particles is a fundamental aspect of classical mechanics, and the choice of the coordinate system plays a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities of their dynamics.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
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Triage in Complex, Coordinated Terrorist Attacks.

Matt Pepper1, Frank Archer1, John Moloney2

  • 1Monash University Accident Research Centre,Melbourne, Victoria,Australia.

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
|August 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current triage systems are inadequate for complex, coordinated terrorist attacks (CCTAs). Innovative, simplified tactical triage methods are needed to improve patient care in high-stress, dynamic environments.

Keywords:
AssessCCP: casualty collection pointCCS: casualty clearing stationCCTA: complexEMS: Emergency Medical ServiceFTS: Field Triage ScoreGCS: Glasgow Coma ScoreHEMS: helicopter Emergency Medical ServicesIRC: Inland Regional Centre (San Bernardino)LSI: life-saving interventionLife-saving interventionsMIMMS: Major Incident Medical Management and SupportRAMP: Rapid Assessment of Mentation and PulseSALT: SortSAMU: Service d’Aide Médicale d’UrgenceSBP: systolic blood pressureSINUS: Système d’Information Numérique StandardiséSTART: Simple Triage and Rapid TreatmentTreatment/Transportcoordinated terrorist attackEmergency Medical Servicestactical medicineterrorismtriage

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Disaster Response
  • Public Health Security

Background:

  • Terrorist attack frequency and tactics are evolving, posing challenges for first responders.
  • Coordinated, multi-site attacks exacerbate difficulties in providing immediate medical care.
  • Existing triage systems are not well-validated for mass-casualty events, especially those involving intentional violence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively analyze triage system application during major terrorist attacks.
  • To identify strengths and weaknesses of current triage in complex, coordinated terrorist attacks (CCTAs).
  • To highlight the need for innovative approaches in tactical triage.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review of gray and peer-reviewed sources was conducted.
  • Comparative analysis focused on the 2011 Oslo/Utoya, 2015 Paris, and 2015 San Bernardino terrorist attacks.
  • A thematic narrative approach was used to identify system limitations.

Main Results:

  • Triage systems were often not utilized, unavailable, or improvised in tactical settings.
  • Barriers to implementation included large patient volumes, sensory deprivation, high stress, and dynamic threats.
  • Challenges were noted in patient movement and the application of "tactical triage" principles.

Conclusions:

  • Current triage tools are insufficient for insecure environments like CCTAs.
  • Further research and validation of novel, simplified tactical triage approaches are essential.
  • Simple solutions for patient movement and tag use should be integrated into triage systems.