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Controlling organization and forces in active matter through optically defined boundaries.

Tyler D Ross1, Heun Jin Lee2, Zijie Qu3

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. tross@caltech.edu.

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Researchers engineered active biomolecules to create controllable, dynamic structures and fluid flows. This breakthrough offers new ways to study cell-like behaviors and develop advanced bio-inspired devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Active Matter Physics
  • Bio-inspired Engineering

Background:

  • Living systems use active molecules for locomotion and self-organization.
  • Current experimental active matter lacks cellular spatiotemporal control.
  • This limits studying non-equilibrium phenomena and bio-inspired applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an engineered system with spatiotemporal control over active biomolecules.
  • To uncover principles of boundary-mediated control in active matter.
  • To create programmable active matter for bio-inspired engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized purified microtubules and light-activatable motor proteins.
  • Developed light-pattern operations to control microtubule structure formation, movement, and merging.
  • Engineered contractile microtubule networks and manipulated them to generate fluid flows.

Main Results:

  • Created large-scale (hundreds of micrometres) microtubule structures and networks.
  • Achieved network contraction speeds significantly exceeding individual motor protein speeds.
  • Generated and sculpted persistent fluid flows using the contractile networks.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated boundary-mediated control in an engineered active biomolecular system.
  • Uncovered principles applicable to studying emergent cellular structures and forces.
  • Paved the way for developing programmable active-matter devices.