Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases
Published on: November 21, 2010
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of new polymorph of racemic 2-phenyl-butyramide
Sergei Rigin1, Beatrice Armijo1, Arcadius V Krivoshein2
1Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico, 87701, USA.
Abstract:
A new polymorph of the title compound, C10H13NO, was obtained by recrystallization of the commercial product from a water/ethanol mixture (1:1 v/v). Crystals of the previously reported racemic and homochiral forms of 2-phenyl-butyramide were grown from water-aceto-nitrile solution in 1:1 volume ratio [Khrustalev et al. (2014 ▸). Cryst. Growth Des. 14, 3360-3369]. While the previously reported racemic and enanti-opure forms of the title compound adopt very similar supra-molecular structures (hydrogen-bonded ribbons), the new racemic polymorph is stabilized by a single N-H⋯O hydrogen bond that links mol-ecules into chains along the c-axis direction with an anti-parallel (centrosymmetric) packing in the crystal. Hirshfeld mol-ecular surface analysis was employed to compare the inter-molecular inter-actions in the polymorphs of the title compound.
Related Concept Videos
Ionic Crystal Structures
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

