Localized Triggering of the Insulator-Metal Transition in VO₂ Using a Single Carbon Nanotube

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) has been widely studied for its rich physics and potential applications, undergoing a prominent insulator-metal transition (IMT) near room temperature. The transition mechanism remains highly debated, and little is known about the IMT at nanoscale dimensions. To shed light on this problem, here we use ∼1 nm-wide carbon nanotube (CNT) heaters to trigger the IMT in VO₂. Single metallic CNTs switch the adjacent VO₂ at less than half the voltage and power required by control devices without a CNT, with switching power as low as ∼85 μW at 300 nm device lengths. We also obtain potential and temperature maps of devices during operation using Kelvin probe microscopy and scanning thermal microscopy. Comparing these with three-dimensional electrothermal simulations, we find that the local heating of the VO₂ by the CNT plays a key role in the IMT. These results demonstrate the ability to trigger IMT in VO₂ using nanoscale heaters and highlight the significance of thermal engineering to improve device behavior.