Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

7.6K

Updates in the Diagnosis and Management of Giant Cell Arteritis

Surabhi Uppal1, Mohanad Hadi2, Sheetal Chhaya3,4

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 500 W. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|August 10, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large vessel vasculitis affecting older adults. Current treatments, mainly glucocorticoids, have side effects, prompting research into safer alternatives and better outcome prediction.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic large vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting the elderly.
  • It can lead to severe complications, including irreversible vision loss.
  • Current treatment options for GCA are limited and associated with significant long-term adverse effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of GCA.
  • To discuss the most recent data regarding the diagnosis and treatment of GCA.
  • To highlight emerging therapeutic strategies and diagnostic advancements.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on GCA.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic criteria and imaging techniques.
  • Evaluation of emerging and established treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Glucocorticoids remain the primary treatment for GCA.
  • Alternative agents are being explored to minimize glucocorticoid toxicity and improve patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to standardize treatment duration and assess long-term efficacy of new therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing GCA management requires balancing disease control with minimizing treatment-related adverse effects.
  • Identifying predictive risk factors for individual patient outcomes is crucial.
  • Ongoing research aims to refine diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy for GCA.
Abstract

Keywords:
Chronic glucocorticoid useGiant cell arteritisMethotrexatePolymyalgia rheumaticaTocilizumab

More Related Videos

Bacterial Cell Culture at the Single-cell Level Inside Giant Vesicles07:33

Bacterial Cell Culture at the Single-cell Level Inside Giant Vesicles

Published on: April 30, 2019

7.5K
Synthesis of Compound Giant Unilamellar Vesicles: A Biomimetic Model of Nucleate Cells10:10

Synthesis of Compound Giant Unilamellar Vesicles: A Biomimetic Model of Nucleate Cells

Published on: July 3, 2025

1.0K

Related Concept Videos

Nursing Diagnosis01:22

Nursing Diagnosis

Following assessment, a nursing diagnosis is the next step in the nursing process. It begins after the nurse has collected and recorded the patient data. The purpose of diagnosing is to identify how the client responds to actual or potential health processes, identify factors that bestow or that cause health problems, the etiologies, and identify resources or strengths the individual, group, or community can draw on to prevent or resolve problems.
The nursing diagnosis focuses on evidence-based...
3.7K
Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis01:10

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters...
1.7K
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I01:26

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I

A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
There are thirteen domains...
3.6K
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
407
Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances01:29

Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances

Appearance is a multidimensional aspect of self-presentation that encompasses observable attributes such as clothing, grooming, speech, and nonverbal behavior. These elements are often strategically managed to align with socially constructed expectations in different settings. For instance, individuals tailor their appearance during job interviews, social gatherings, or athletic events to meet the perceived norms of those environments.Contextual Adaptation and Social SignalsThe research...
200
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.1K