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Updated: Jan 21, 2026
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Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
Published on: April 11, 2025
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Fundamentals of Cardiac Mapping
Thomas P Ladas1, Alan Sugrue1, John Nan1
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|August 12, 2019
Summary
Cardiac mapping, or electroanatomic mapping (EAM), records heart electrical activity for arrhythmia characterization. Understanding basic electrograms is crucial for accurate EAM interpretation and application in electrophysiology.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Electrophysiology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Cardiac mapping, specifically electroanatomic mapping (EAM), is essential for electrophysiologists to analyze heart electrical activity and anatomy.
- A fundamental grasp of cardiac biopotentials, known as electrograms, is necessary for the accurate construction and interpretation of EAM.
- Various mapping approaches exist, tailored to specific arrhythmia mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a foundational overview of electroanatomic mapping (EAM) principles.
- To emphasize the importance of understanding electrograms in cardiac mapping.
- To introduce different EAM strategies for arrhythmia analysis.
Main Methods:
- Review of electrophysiologic principles.
- Explanation of electroanatomic mapping (EAM) techniques.
- Discussion of electrogram signal interpretation.
Main Results:
- EAM allows detailed characterization of cardiac electrical activity in relation to heart anatomy.
- Electrograms are fundamental signals for building and interpreting EAM data.
- Different EAM approaches cater to diverse arrhythmia types.
Conclusions:
- A solid understanding of EAM fundamentals, including electrograms, is imperative for electrophysiologists.
- EAM is a critical tool for diagnosing and understanding cardiac arrhythmias.
- This article serves as an introductory guide to the core concepts of EAM.
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