Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What are Carbohydrates?01:44

What are Carbohydrates?

196.9K
Overview
196.9K
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

90.1K
Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
90.1K
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

10.5K
10.5K
Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

Carbohydrate Digestion

121.9K
Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
121.9K
Membrane Carbohydrates01:30

Membrane Carbohydrates

7.2K
The plasma membrane is a dynamic barrier composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It is the epicenter of many cellular processes required for cell growth and survival. Carbohydrates have unique structural and chemical properties that help the plasma membrane to carry out its functions effectively.
Membrane carbohydrates do not have any hydrophobic region and are exclusively located on the cell's outer surface. The addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins happens in...
7.2K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

13.9K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
13.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Well-Defined α(2,8)- and α(2,9)-Linked Oligosialosides.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Solid-Phase Glycolipid Synthesis Expedites Liposome Functionalization.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Resolving Conformational Preferences of Monosaccharides from <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR Chemical Shifts Using an Integrated MD and QM Approach.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

Benchmarking Lipid Quantitation from Skin Swab Sebum-Rich Samples to Establish Mass Spectrometry-Based Diagnostic Methodology.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Topology Switching in Polymetallic Fragments Governed by Metal Encapsulation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Steroid Fingerprinting with Cryogenic Gas-Phase Infrared Spectroscopy.

ACS measurement science au·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Acetylcholine Re-Challenge After Intracoronary Nitroglycerine Administration
07:59

Acetylcholine Re-Challenge After Intracoronary Nitroglycerine Administration

Published on: April 4, 2022

1.7K

Advancing Solutions to the Carbohydrate Sequencing Challenge.

Christopher J Gray1, Lukasz G Migas1, Perdita E Barran1

  • 1School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Determining carbohydrate stereochemistry is crucial for understanding their function. Emerging analytical techniques, particularly those combining NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) with ion mobility or IR spectroscopy, offer precise solutions for complex carbohydrate sequencing.

More Related Videos

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples
07:30

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples

Published on: June 8, 2020

12.7K
Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes
04:40

Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes

Published on: July 7, 2023

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Acetylcholine Re-Challenge After Intracoronary Nitroglycerine Administration
07:59

Acetylcholine Re-Challenge After Intracoronary Nitroglycerine Administration

Published on: April 4, 2022

1.7K
Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples
07:30

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples

Published on: June 8, 2020

12.7K
Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes
04:40

Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes

Published on: July 7, 2023

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate chemistry
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Carbohydrates exhibit complex stereochemistry, including chiral centers and glycosidic linkages, which dictates their biological roles.
  • Accurate determination of carbohydrate structure is essential for understanding their function.
  • Existing sequencing methods face challenges in precisely resolving carbohydrate stereochemical complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of emerging analytical techniques for carbohydrate sequencing.
  • To highlight methods addressing the stereochemical complexity of carbohydrates.
  • To focus on techniques integrating NMR and MS with ion mobility spectrometry and IR spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • Mass Spectrometry (MS)
  • Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS)
  • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
  • Hybridization of NMR and MS technologies

Main Results:

  • Advances in analytical techniques offer enhanced precision for carbohydrate sequencing.
  • NMR and MS-hybridized methods show promise in elucidating complex carbohydrate stereochemistry.
  • Integration with IMS and IR spectroscopy provides additional structural information.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging analytical technologies are crucial for precise carbohydrate structure determination.
  • NMR and MS-based hybrid methods, augmented by IMS and IR spectroscopy, represent a significant advancement in carbohydrate analysis.
  • These techniques have the potential to overcome limitations in resolving carbohydrate stereochemical complexity.