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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Bioengineering Human Microvascular Networks in Immunodeficient Mice
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Leaf-Inspired Authentically Complex Microvascular Networks for Deciphering Biological Transport Process.

Marco E Miali1,2, Marianna Colasuonno3,2, Salvatore Surdo4

  • 1Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, DMMM , Politecnico di Bari , Via Re David , 200-70125 Bari , Italy.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a leaf-inspired microvascular network to study vascular transport. This complex chip replicates natural blood vessels, enabling research on cancer cell deposition and blood clot lysis under realistic conditions.

Keywords:
biomimicrycirculating tumor cellsmicrofluidicsthrombolysisvascular transport

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Vascular transport is crucial for regeneration and drug delivery but is often studied in simplified systems.
  • Existing microfluidic devices lack the complex 3D structure of natural vascular networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bio-inspired microfluidic chip mimicking complex vascular networks.
  • To investigate vascular transport phenomena, including cancer cell adhesion and clot lysis.

Main Methods:

  • Soft lithography used to replicate a leaf vein system in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
  • Micro-particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) for flow analysis.
  • Demonstration of cancer cell deposition and blood clot lysis within the network.

Main Results:

  • A complex microvascular network satisfying Murray's law was created, with channel sizes from 50 to 400 μm.
  • Physiologically relevant transport of breast cancer cells was observed, with adhesion in low-velocity channels.
  • Effective lysis of blood clots using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and tPA-carrying nanoconstructs (tPA-DPNs) was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The leaf-inspired chip provides a platform for studying vascular transport in complex networks.
  • This model allows modulation and monitoring of geometry and flow conditions for various vascular studies.