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Life Expectancy at Birth in Milwaukee County: A Zip Code-Level Analysis.

Erica S LeCounte1, Geoffrey R Swain2,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Life expectancy varies significantly by zip code in Milwaukee County, showing a 12-year gap. Higher income and education levels correlate with longer life expectancies, highlighting socioeconomic disparities.

Keywords:
Milwaukee Countyhealth carelife expectancysocial determinants of healthzip code

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociomedical Sciences

Background:

  • Life expectancy at birth serves as a key indicator of population health and well-being.
  • Existing analyses of life expectancy in Wisconsin primarily focus on county-level variations.
  • Significant disparities in life expectancy may exist within counties at the zip code level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate variations in life expectancy across zip codes within Milwaukee County.
  • To examine the relationship between zip code characteristics and life expectancy at birth.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized death count data and population estimates to calculate life expectancy.
  • Employed an abridged life table with the Chiang methodology.
  • Integrated American Community Survey data to analyze correlations between life expectancy and zip code socioeconomic factors.

Main Results:

  • Observed a substantial variation in life expectancy across Milwaukee County zip codes, with a 12-year difference between the lowest (71.3 years in 53206) and highest (83.2 years in 53217) life expectancies.
  • Demonstrated a strong positive correlation between life expectancy and median household income (r=0.784), educational attainment (r=0.741), and a combined socioeconomic index (r=0.819).
  • All correlations were statistically significant (P<0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Life expectancy disparities within Milwaukee County are pronounced and directly linked to socioeconomic factors.
  • Addressing social and economic determinants is crucial for improving health outcomes and increasing life expectancy.
  • Healthcare professionals and systems should engage in policy-level interventions to improve socioeconomic conditions and promote longer, healthier lives.