Strong Nonlinear Optical Activity Induced by Lattice Surface Modes on Plasmonic Metasurface

Optical metasurfaces, consisting of spatially variant meta-atoms, represent a new kind of optical platform for controlling the wavefront of light, with which many interesting applications, such as metalens and optical holography, have been successfully demonstrated. Further extension of the optical functionalities of metasurfaces into the nonlinear optical regime has led to unprecedented control over the local optical nonlinear generation processes. It has been shown that the nonlinear optical metasurface with achiral geometries could exhibit intrinsic optical activity in second- and third- harmonic generations. In this work, we propose an alternative approach for achieving strong nonlinear optical activity in achiral plasmonic metasurfaces by exploiting the lattice surface modes of plasmonic metasurfaces. Specifically, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the strong circular dichroism for second harmonic generation (SHG) on plasmonic metasurfaces consisting of split-ring resonator meta-atoms. The strong nonlinear circular dichroism is attributed to the contribution from lattice surface modes at fundamental wavelengths. Our findings may open new routes to design novel nonlinear optical devices with strong optical activity.