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Related Concept Videos

The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

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Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
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Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments02:46

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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

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In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
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Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures03:34

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All the digits in a measurement, including the uncertain last digit, are called significant figures or significant digits. Note that zero may be a measured value; for example, if a scale that shows weight to the nearest pound reads “140,” then the 1 (hundreds), 4 (tens), and 0 (ones) are all significant (measured) values.
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Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals00:54

Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals

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The confidence interval is the range of values around the mean that contains the true mean. It is expressed as a probability percentage. The interpretation of a 95% confidence interval, for instance, is that the statistician is 95% confident that the true mean falls within the interval. The upper and lower limits of this range are known as confidence limits. The confidence limits for the true mean are estimated from the sample's mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical factor...
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Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

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Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
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Integration of the M6 Cyberknife in the Moderato Monte Carlo platform and prediction of beam parameters using machine learning.

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MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction
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PET and MRI based RT treatment planning: Handling uncertainties.

N Reynaert1

  • 1Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium.

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique
|August 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Advanced imaging, including PET and MRI, is crucial for radiotherapy. Understanding imaging uncertainties and ensuring quality assurance through collaboration improves treatment accuracy and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Control qualitéImagerieImagingIncertitudesQuality assuranceRadiotherapyRadiothérapieUncertainties

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Area of Science:

  • Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Multi-modality imaging is fundamental in radiotherapy for target delineation, treatment guidance, and outcome assessment.
  • Functional imaging is increasingly integrated alongside anatomical imaging for enhanced radiotherapy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of imaging techniques in radiotherapy, emphasizing uncertainties and quality assurance (QA).
  • To highlight the importance of collaboration between radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy departments.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), with a discussion on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (DCE-CT).
  • Emphasis on developing joint imaging protocols and QA programs.
  • Addressing uncertainties in image registration and their integration into Planning Target Volume (PTV) margins.

Main Results:

  • Proper windowing for PET and understanding MRI sequences are critical for accurate image interpretation.
  • Systematic radiologist involvement and multidisciplinary meetings are essential when geometrical distortions are present.
  • Functional imaging for dose painting and response assessment requires strong interdepartmental collaboration.

Conclusions:

  • Close collaboration between departments is key to improving radiotherapy quality.
  • Accurate determination and integration of imaging uncertainties into PTV margins are mandatory.
  • Awareness of the limitations of imaging-based biomarkers is crucial for reliable outcome prediction.