Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

48.2K
In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
48.2K
Acid-Base Titration Curves02:23

Acid-Base Titration Curves

140.2K
A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid.
For a titration carried out for 25.00 mL of...
140.2K
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

26.1K
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
26.1K
Introduction to z Scores01:06

Introduction to z Scores

10.9K
A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores...
10.9K
Introduction to z Scores01:05

Introduction to z Scores

1.2K
A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores...
1.2K
z Scores and Area Under the Curve01:17

z Scores and Area Under the Curve

18.4K
z scores are the standardized values obtained after converting a normal distribution into a standard normal distribution. A z score is measured in units of the standard deviation. The z score tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a z score of...
18.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Racial and Gender Differences in Mindfulness, Engaged Living, and Psychological Inflexibility Within a Hawai'i-Based College Sample.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Brain kappa opioid receptor availability across stress and social buffering conditions: A positron emission tomography study in coppery titi monkeys.

Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Estimating multivariate longitudinal trajectories using mixed-effects models with crossed random effects.

Behavior research methods·2026
Same author

A Non-Parametric Approach to Modeling Accelerated Longitudinal Designs.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same author

Early Identification of Children at Risk for Long-Term Difficulties with Mathematics Learning and Innumeracy in Adolescence.

Journal of pediatric neuropsychology·2026
Same author

A State Space Model of Daily Dynamics with Moderation Effects from Qualitative Text Data.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

Bayesian Machine Learning Tools for Alcohol Use Disorder Research: The bpaup R Package.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

A Unified Framework for Jointly modelling Response Times and Item Position Effects in Computer-Based Learning Assessments.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

Generalizability Theory Applied to Daily Relationship Quality: Substantive and Statistical Directions.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

A Modularized Higher-Order Diagnostic Classification Model for Clustered Attribute Hierarchies.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

Generalizing Causal Effects to a Target Population Without Individual-Level Data from the Target Population.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

betaselectr: Selective (and Proper) Standardization in Structural Equation Models.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation
06:09

P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation

Published on: September 8, 2023

931

Estimating Age-Based Developmental Trajectories Using Latent Change Score Models Based on Measurement Occasion.

Eduardo Estrada1, Fumiaki Hamagami2, Emilio Ferrer1

  • 1University of California, Davis.

Multivariate Behavioral Research
|August 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accelerated longitudinal designs (ALDs) can now better model developmental changes over time. Our new Latent Change Score (LCS) model extension accurately captures age-related processes in developmental research.

Keywords:
Accelerated longitudinal designsdevelopmental processesdynamic modelinglatent change score modelslongitudinal data analysis

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: UAV Remote Sensing for Efficient Invasive Plant Biomass Estimation
08:47

Author Spotlight: UAV Remote Sensing for Efficient Invasive Plant Biomass Estimation

Published on: February 9, 2024

2.1K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation
06:09

P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation

Published on: September 8, 2023

931
Author Spotlight: UAV Remote Sensing for Efficient Invasive Plant Biomass Estimation
08:47

Author Spotlight: UAV Remote Sensing for Efficient Invasive Plant Biomass Estimation

Published on: February 9, 2024

2.1K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Statistics
  • Developmental Science

Background:

  • Accelerated longitudinal designs (ALDs) enable studying long-term developmental processes efficiently.
  • Latent Change Score (LCS) models are commonly used for analyzing ALD data.
  • Current occasion-based LCS models limit characterizing changes as a function of age or maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend occasion-based LCS models to incorporate age as a developmental metric.
  • To improve the characterization of longitudinal changes in developmental research.
  • To provide a more comprehensive analytical framework for ALDs.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed an extension to occasion-based LCS models by including age differences at the first measurement.
  • Conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study to evaluate the proposed model.
  • Compared the performance of different transformations of the age variable within the model.

Main Results:

  • Certain proposed age transformations accurately represented the developmental process across all study ages.
  • The extended LCS model demonstrated excellent model fit.
  • The new approach effectively overcomes limitations of traditional occasion-based LCS models.

Conclusions:

  • The extended LCS model provides an accurate and effective method for analyzing developmental trajectories in ALDs.
  • Researchers can now better link longitudinal changes to age and biological maturation.
  • The study offers practical R code for implementing the enhanced analytical framework.