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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Dermal Fibroblasts from Human Keloid Tissue
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Keloid research: current status and future directions.

Chia-Hsuan Tsai1,2, Rei Ogawa2

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|August 28, 2019
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This summary is machine-generated.

Keloid and hypertrophic scar formation involves genetic, epigenetic, and mechanical factors. Understanding these elements, particularly skin tension, is key to developing new treatments for abnormal scarring.

Keywords:
DNA methylationKeloidepigeneticsgeneticslong non-coding RNAmechanobiologymicroRNAnon-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Keloids and hypertrophic scars are skin fibroproliferative disorders resulting from abnormal wound healing.
  • Genetic, systemic, and local factors, including mechanical stimuli, are implicated in their development.
  • This review focuses on genetic variation, epigenetic modifications, and mechanotransduction in keloidogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the roles of genetic variation, epigenetic modifications, and mechanotransduction in keloid formation.
  • To provide an up-to-date understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying keloidogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive English literature review was conducted.
  • Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.
  • Keywords encompassed GWAS, epigenetics, non-coding RNA (microRNA, lncRNA), DNA methylation, mechanobiology, and keloid, up to July 2018.

Main Results:

  • Genetic studies identified specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms and gene linkages associated with keloid pathogenesis.
  • Epigenetic modifications, such as non-coding RNAs and DNA methylation, contribute to persistent fibroblast activation in keloids.
  • Mechanical forces and mechanotransduction influence scar contracture and keloid progression.

Conclusions:

  • Keloid and hypertrophic scar formation is linked to genetic, epigenetic, systemic, and local factors, notably skin tension.
  • Further research in scar genetics, epigenetics, and mechanobiology is crucial for developing effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Identifying molecular and cellular targets holds promise for future wound and scar management.