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Joachim Vosgerau1, Uri Simonsohn2, Leif D Nelson3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Internal meta-analysis, combining multiple studies, is only valid if selective reporting is absent. Even minimal p-hacking invalidates this method, compromising research integrity and statistical power.

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Area of Science:

  • Research methodology
  • Statistical analysis
  • Scientific integrity

Background:

  • Internal meta-analysis statistically aggregates multiple studies within a single paper.
  • Advocates claim it enhances statistical power and addresses the file-drawer problem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity of internal meta-analysis under conditions of selective reporting.
  • To determine the impact of selective reporting and p-hacking on the reliability of internal meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of statistical aggregation methods.
  • Simulation of selective reporting scenarios and their effect on false-positive rates.
  • Examination of conditions required for valid internal meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • Internal meta-analysis validity hinges on the absence of selective reporting (no "file drawer" problem or p-hacking).
  • Even minor p-hacking significantly inflates the false-positive rate in internal meta-analyses.
  • A 10-study internal meta-analysis with 8% p-hacking yields an 83% false-positive rate.

Conclusions:

  • Internal meta-analysis is invalidated by any degree of selective reporting, however small.
  • For valid internal meta-analysis, studies must be preregistered, preregistrations followed, and inclusion decided pre-study.
  • Ensuring preregistration and adherence to protocols is crucial for reliable internal meta-analysis.