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Related Concept Videos

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology09:48

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The pituitary gland is the key regulator of the body's endocrine system. This article describes the development of organoids from the mouse pituitary as a novel 3D in vitro model to study the gland's stem cell population of which the biology and function remain poorly...
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The article describes an optimized protocol for making viable brain-pituitary tissue slices, using the teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes), followed by electrophysiological recordings of pituitary cells using the patch-clamp technique with the perforated patch...
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells08:31

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

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Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads, due to its simplicity and reproducibility, was chosen to maintain the pituitary adenoma cells. The procedures included an initial enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of the tumor tissue, and the subsequent cell suspension was encapsulated in alginate...
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The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
09:48

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

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Pituitary Apoplexy.

Garni Barkhoudarian1, Daniel F Kelly1

  • 1John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA; Pacific Neuroscience Institute, 2125 Arizona Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|September 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pituitary apoplexy, a condition of sudden vision loss and headaches, requires prompt treatment. While surgery is often needed, milder cases may respond to conservative care, showing similar outcomes.

Keywords:
DiplopiaHeadacheHypopituitarismPituitary adenomasPituitary apoplexyVision loss

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Pituitary apoplexy presents with acute headaches, vision loss, and pituitary dysfunction.
  • It is typically caused by a hemorrhagic or infarcted pituitary tumor or cyst.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review treatment strategies for pituitary apoplexy.
  • To compare outcomes between surgical and conservative management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and treatment approaches for pituitary apoplexy.
  • Analysis of outcomes based on treatment modality (surgical vs. conservative).

Main Results:

  • Urgent surgical resection is often indicated for severe pituitary apoplexy.
  • Conservative treatment is typically reserved for milder cases.
  • Outcomes may be comparable in less severe pituitary apoplexy cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment for pituitary apoplexy is tailored to clinical presentation.
  • Acute vision loss necessitates urgent surgical intervention.
  • Conservative management can be effective for mild pituitary apoplexy.