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Updated: Jan 20, 2026
In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
Published on: May 27, 2022
Lipid trafficking in cardiovascular disease
Andrei C Sposito1, Francesca Zimetti2, Joaquim Barreto1
1Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil.
Insights
Reducing apolipoprotein B (apoB) lipoproteins targets cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This review explores lipid trafficking mechanisms and new targets for mitigating residual CVD risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Lipid Metabolism
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
- Reducing plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) lipoproteins is a primary strategy for CVD risk reduction.
- Despite progress, new therapeutic targets are needed due to persistent CVD morbidity and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of lipid trafficking in atherosclerosis.
- To assess molecular mechanisms underlying atherogenic lipid changes.
- To discuss new developments in CVD risk assessment and residual risk mitigation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical and preclinical research.
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms of lipid transport.
- Evaluation of emerging risk assessment tools and therapeutic targets.
Main Results:
- Lipid trafficking mechanisms are crucial in CVD pathogenesis, beyond simple lipid accumulation/removal.
- Atherogenic changes in lipid movement contribute significantly to CVD.
- New insights into lipid orchestration offer novel therapeutic avenues.
Conclusions:
- Understanding lipid trafficking is key to developing new CVD therapies.
- Targeting molecular mechanisms of lipid movement can mitigate residual CVD risk.
- Further research into lipid orchestration and risk assessment is warranted.
Abstract:
The reduction of plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) containing lipoproteins has long been pursued as the main modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has led to an intense search for strategies aiming at reducing plasma apoB-lipoproteins, culminating in reduction of overall CV risk. Despite 3 decades of progress, CVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, as such, new therapeutic targets are still warranted. Clinical and preclinical research has moved forward from the original concept, under which some lipids must be accumulated and other removed to achieve the ideal condition in disease prevention, into the concept that mechanisms that orchestrate lipid movement between lipoproteins, cells and organelles is equally involved in CVD. As such, this review scrutinizes potentially atherogenic changes in lipid trafficking and assesses the molecular mechanisms behind it. New developments in risk assessment and new targets for the mitigation of residual CVD risk are also addressed.
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