Eosinophilic esophagitis presenting with spontaneous esophageal rupture: a case report

Eosinophilic esophagitis, once considered a rare disorder, has been increasingly recognized as a leading cause of dysphagia and food impaction in children and adults over the last few decades. It predominantly occurs in young men with a history of atopy. Dysphagia and food impaction are the most common presentations. However, rarely, spontaneous perforation (Boerhaave's syndrome) may occur in association with eosinophilic esophagitis.

A 40-year-old white woman with known history of eosinophilic esophagitis, who was non-compliant with treatment, presented with chest pain and developed acute spontaneous transmural esophageal perforation while eating a snack. Surgical repair was required.

In a relatively young patient who presents with spontaneous esophageal perforation, eosinophilic esophagitis should always be ruled out as subsequent treatment may prevent recurrent perforation.