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Nura Sidarus1,2,3, Stefano Palminteri2, Valérian Chambon1

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Cognitive control costs influence value-based decisions, sometimes overriding internal value representations. The study shows that managing conflict impacts choices and learning rates, especially when instructions conflict with subjective values.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Decision Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Value-based decision-making balances action costs against rewards.
  • Cognitive control recruitment for conflict resolution is effortful.
  • The role of cognitive control costs in value-based decisions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cognitive control demands in preventing and resolving conflict act as costs in value-based decisions.
  • To assess the influence of conflict on both decision and learning stages.
  • To determine how different types of conflict affect learning.

Main Methods:

  • A reversal-learning task with irrelevant distractors (flanker arrows).
  • Intermixed free and instructed trials to assess choice adaptation and distractor bias.
  • Computational modeling of reinforcement learning to analyze decision and learning influences.

Main Results:

  • Participants adapted free choices for rewards but were biased by distractors.
  • Decision modeling indicated conflict costs were traded off against expected rewards.
  • Learning rates decreased with instructed choices and conflict between instructions and values.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective cognitive control costs associated with conflict are integral to value-based decision-making.
  • The perceived cost of suppressing external suggestions can outweigh internal value representations.
  • Different conflict types differentially impact learning about action outcomes.