[THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION IN MEDICINE OF THE LAST QUARTER OF XIX - FIRST HALF OF XX CENTURIES: REVISION OF CONCEPTS...

The article presents results of analysis of handbooks of pathology of last quarter of XIX - first half of XX centuries testifying crucial revision of concepts of etiology and essence of diseases occurred during this historical period. In the etiology took place renunciation of rigid mechanistic causality in favor of concepts of multi-factorial and probabilistic determinism of diseases. The concepts of organism as passive victim of impact of environmental factors under occurrence and development of diseases were disproved. The doctrine of pathogenesis came into existence and received wide recognition. The disease became to be comprehended as not only totality of local damages of cells but primarily as complex feedback reaction of integral organism to alterations of conditions of external or internal environment having compensatory adaptable character and implementing by means of physiological self-regulation.