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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

29.1K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
29.1K
A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality08:07

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

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We present a protocol for determining multicellular chirality in vitro, using the micropatterning technique. This assay allows for automatic quantification of the left-right biases of various types of cells and can be used for screening...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
16.9K
Ring-Shaped Micropatterning Cell Chirality Assay: An In Vitro Technique to Determine Multicellular Chirality Based on Cell Alignment on Ring-Shaped Micropatterns04:47

Ring-Shaped Micropatterning Cell Chirality Assay: An In Vitro Technique to Determine Multicellular Chirality Based on Cell Alignment on Ring-Shaped Micropatterns

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In this video, we describe a cell chirality assay to determine the alignment bias of cells in a confined geometric boundary such as a ring micropattern. Chirality is an inherent property of most cell types and is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Knowing the chirality of a normal cell population can help to screen drug-treated...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

14.8K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
14.8K
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

6.8K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
6.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
08:07

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

Published on: March 11, 2022

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Floquet Chiral Magnetic Effect.

Sho Higashikawa1, Masaya Nakagawa1, Masahito Ueda1,2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers realized a single Weyl fermion in a driven lattice system, overcoming a key physics theorem. This finding opens possibilities for topological insulators and superconductors in Floquet systems.

More Related Videos

Ring-Shaped Micropatterning Cell Chirality Assay: An In Vitro Technique to Determine Multicellular Chirality Based on Cell Alignment on Ring-Shaped Micropatterns
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Ring-Shaped Micropatterning Cell Chirality Assay: An In Vitro Technique to Determine Multicellular Chirality Based on Cell Alignment on Ring-Shaped Micropatterns

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Chirality: Chiral and Achiral Molecules
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Chirality: Chiral and Achiral Molecules

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
08:07

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

Published on: March 11, 2022

2.7K
Ring-Shaped Micropatterning Cell Chirality Assay: An In Vitro Technique to Determine Multicellular Chirality Based on Cell Alignment on Ring-Shaped Micropatterns
04:47

Ring-Shaped Micropatterning Cell Chirality Assay: An In Vitro Technique to Determine Multicellular Chirality Based on Cell Alignment on Ring-Shaped Micropatterns

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Chirality: Chiral and Achiral Molecules
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Chirality: Chiral and Achiral Molecules

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Topological phases of matter

Background:

  • The Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem prohibits single Weyl fermions in static systems.
  • Floquet systems offer novel platforms for realizing exotic quantum phenomena.
  • Topological insulators and superconductors possess unique boundary states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the realization of a single Weyl fermion in a periodically driven lattice.
  • To establish a topological classification for Floquet systems.
  • To explore the emergence of surface states in bulk quasienergy spectra.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a periodically driven three-dimensional lattice system.
  • Employing a topologically nontrivial Floquet unitary operator.
  • Developing a topological classification for Floquet operators within Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully realized a single Weyl fermion, previously forbidden in static systems.
  • Observed the chiral magnetic effect.
  • Predicted the emergence of gapless surface states from topological insulators and superconductors within Floquet system quasienergy spectra.

Conclusions:

  • Periodically driven Floquet systems can host exotic particles like Weyl fermions.
  • The developed topological classification provides a framework for understanding Floquet topological phases.
  • Floquet engineering offers a pathway to realize topological phenomena in bulk systems.