Bioactive proteins delivery through core-shell nanofibers for meniscal tissue regeneration

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Meniscus tissue engineering requires mimicking native ultrastructure.
• Controlled delivery of growth factors is crucial for cell function and tissue regeneration.
• Current strategies face challenges in achieving sustained bioactive factor release and optimal cell integration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop core-shell nanofibers for meniscus tissue engineering.
• To achieve controlled release of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB).
• To create a cell-favorable nanoenvironment promoting tissue regeneration.

Main Methods:

• Electrospinning of core-shell nanofibers with a serum albumin core and polylactic acid shell.
• Encapsulation of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) within the core.
• Incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the shell to control PDGF-BB release.
• Fabrication of 3D scaffolds with interconnected macroporous structures.

Main Results:

• Novel core-shell nanofibers exhibited suitable mechanical properties and high cell compatibility.
• Incorporation of PDGF-BB significantly increased cell viability, proliferation, and infiltration.
• Upregulation of key genes involved in meniscal extracellular matrix synthesis was observed.
• Controlled release of PDGF-BB was achieved via PEG porogen.

Conclusions:

• Core-shell nanofibers provide a promising platform for meniscus tissue engineering.
• The system enables sustained release of bioactive factors, enhancing cell response.
• This approach supports the development of advanced regenerative therapies for meniscal injuries.