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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

7.2K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

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The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis08:25

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

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Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a murine experimental model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). CHS is based on sensitization with reactive hapten by painting the shaved skin of the chest and abdomen, with a subsequent ear skin challenge with a diluted hapten, causing a swelling reaction that is assessed in various...
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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity10:22

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

34.1K
Basophil activation test is a potent tool for the detection of IgE-dependent allergies in vitro. Here, an optimized protocol for basophil activation test is used to investigate drug hypersensitivity. A method for the efficient production of covalent drug-protein conjugates and their physicochemical characterization is...
34.1K
Establishment of a Mouse Model with Cough Hypersensitivity via Inhalation of Citric Acid05:43

Establishment of a Mouse Model with Cough Hypersensitivity via Inhalation of Citric Acid

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This protocol describes the development of a mouse model with cough hypersensitivity, which can serve as an ideal model for studying the mechanisms of chronic...
1.2K
Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines10:42

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

10.3K
Representative experimental procedures for the synthesis of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides and subsequent conversion to phthalan and phenethylamine derivatives are presented in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

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Sulfonamide Hypersensitivity: Fact and Fiction.

David A Khan1, Sandra R Knowles2, Neil H Shear3

  • 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|September 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sulfonamide antimicrobials can cause various hypersensitivity reactions. Cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antimicrobials and non-antimicrobials is unlikely, and drug challenges are useful for diagnosis.

Keywords:
AllergyCross-reactivityDrug challengeHypersensitivitySkin testSulfaSulfonamide

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Hypersensitivities
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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

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Hypersensitivities
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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Sulfonamide antimicrobials are frequent causes of drug allergies.
  • Reactions range from mild rashes to severe cutaneous adverse events like Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
  • Cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antimicrobials and non-antimicrobials is a key clinical consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the hypersensitivity reactions associated with sulfonamide antimicrobials.
  • To evaluate the evidence for cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antimicrobials and non-antimicrobials.
  • To assess diagnostic tools and management strategies for sulfonamide hypersensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Analysis of cross-reactivity data between sulfonamide drug classes.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic methods including skin testing and drug challenges.

Main Results:

  • Cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antimicrobials and non-antimicrobials is unlikely.
  • Immediate and delayed skin tests for sulfonamides are often negative or wane over time.
  • Drug challenges are effective for diagnosing both immediate and delayed sulfonamide reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfonamide antimicrobials cause a spectrum of hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Clinicians should not assume cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antimicrobials and non-antimicrobials.
  • Drug challenges are recommended for diagnosing sulfonamide hypersensitivity, while desensitization remains controversial.