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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and...
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
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Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Allergic Rhinitis.

David M Lang1, David A Khan2, Dana V Wallace3

  • 1Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|November 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with allergic rhinitis often use complementary and alternative medications due to dissatisfaction with conventional treatments. This review critically appraises the evidence for their efficacy and safety.

Keywords:
AcupunctureComplementary and alternative medicineDecongestants (oral, intranasal)HoneyIntranasal irrigationProbioticsRhinitis (allergic, non-allergic)Royal jelly

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Area of Science:

  • Integrative Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Patients with allergic rhinitis frequently utilize complementary and alternative medications (CAM).
  • This is often due to inadequate response to standard therapies or concerns about conventional medication side effects.
  • CAM possess diverse pharmacological actions, potential adverse effects, and drug-drug interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically appraise the existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of commonly used CAM for allergic rhinitis.
  • To provide clinicians and patients with an evidence-based overview of CAM options.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of scientific literature.
  • Critical appraisal of studies evaluating CAM for allergic rhinitis.
  • Assessment of pharmacological actions, safety profiles, and drug-drug interactions.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for efficacy and safety varies significantly among different CAM therapies.
  • Some CAM show promising results, while others lack robust scientific support.
  • Potential for adverse effects and drug interactions necessitates careful consideration.

Conclusions:

  • CAM use in allergic rhinitis is prevalent, driven by patient-reported needs.
  • A critical evaluation of evidence is essential for informed decision-making regarding CAM.
  • Further high-quality research is needed to establish definitive efficacy and safety profiles for many CAM therapies.