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The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is an excellent model for studying stem cells and tissue regeneration. This publication describes a method to selectively remove one organ, the pharynx, by exposing animals to the chemical sodium azide. This protocol also outlines methods for monitoring pharynx regeneration.
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Psychophysics is a branch of psychology and neuroscience that tries to explain how physical quantities are translated into neural firing and mental representations of magnitude. One set of questions in this area pertains to just-noticeable differences (JND): How much does something need to change in order for the change to be perceivable? To pump intuitions about this, consider the fact that small children grow at an...
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The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
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Suppose a positive test charge moves away from a positive static charge, then the Coulomb force does positive work, and its electric potential energy decreases. The potential energy per unit charge is defined as the electric potential. The electric potential is independent of the test charge.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Chemical Amputation and Regeneration of the Pharynx in the Planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
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Amputations versus Salvage: Reconciling the Differences.

Cara K Black1, Laurel D Ormiston1, Kenneth L Fan1

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC.

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery
|September 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choosing between lower extremity amputation versus limb salvage depends on patient factors. Trauma patients may benefit from amputation, while diabetic patients often fare better with reconstruction for improved survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Diabetic Foot Care

Background:

  • Lower extremity reconstructive surgery involves complex decisions between amputation and limb salvage.
  • Postoperative function and survival are key considerations in this choice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence, risks, and benefits of amputation versus limb salvage.
  • To compare these options in acute trauma and chronic diabetic populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review comparing amputation and limb salvage outcomes.
  • Analysis of patient-specific factors in trauma and diabetic populations.

Main Results:

  • Young trauma patients often recover well with amputation and prosthesis, especially with severe injuries.
  • Limb salvage is viable for trauma patients with intact sensation and tissue.
  • Diabetic patients with lower extremity issues often benefit from reconstruction to preserve limb length and survival.
  • Amputation may be preferred for diabetics with severe vascular compromise, infection, or high-risk comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Patient-specific factors are paramount in deciding between amputation and limb salvage for lower extremity reconstruction.