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Microbiome as an Immunological Modifier.

Manoj Kumar1, Parul Singh1, Selvasankar Murugesan1

  • 1Division of Translational Medicine, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human microbiome, comprising microbes and their genes, plays a crucial role in health. Imbalances in the microbiome, known as dysbiosis, are linked to various diseases and can serve as a potential biomarker.

Keywords:
DysbiosisMetagenomicsMicrobe–immune cell interactionsMicrobiomeMicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Physiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Humans are complex ecosystems, with the human microbiome consisting of trillions of microbial cells and their collective genes.
  • High-throughput sequencing has enabled detailed analysis of the human microbiome, revealing site-specific microbial communities with individual variations.
  • Factors like genetics, diet, antibiotic use, and lifestyle significantly shape microbiome development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the composition and variability of the human microbiome.
  • To investigate the relationship between the microbiome and the host immune system.
  • To assess the potential of the microbiome as a biomarker for disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-throughput sequencing technologies to analyze microbial composition.
  • Reviewed existing literature on factors influencing microbiome development.
  • Examined studies linking microbiome dysbiosis to various pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • The human microbiome is diverse and varies across body sites and individuals.
  • The microbiome and host immune system engage in constant communication, with imbalances affecting both.
  • Microbiome dysbiosis is associated with numerous diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The microbial composition can reflect inflammatory changes in diseases, suggesting its utility as a biomarker.
  • Understanding the human microbiome is critical for comprehending health and disease states.
  • Further research into the microbiome holds promise for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.