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Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing06:16

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High-intensity femtosecond pulses of laser light can undergo cycles of Kerr self-focusing and plasma defocusing, propagating an intense sub-millimeter-diameter beam over long distances. We describe a technique for generating and using these filaments to perform remote imaging and sensing beyond the classical diffraction limits of linear...
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Interference and diffraction are characteristic phenomena of waves, ranging from water waves to electromagnetic waves such as light. Interference refers to the phenomenon of when two waves of the same kind overlap to give an alternating spatial variation of large and small wave amplitude. Diffraction refers to the phenomenon of when a wave passes through an aperture or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing
06:16

Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing

Published on: April 25, 2019

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Diffractive anisoplanatism and tracker bandwidth limitations.

Scot E J Shaw, Erin M Tomlinson

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |September 11, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Diffractive anisoplanatism limits directed-energy tracker performance by causing beacon tilt and scoring beam motion to differ. Understanding this phenomenon is key to improving accuracy in adaptive optics systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Applied Physics
    • Astronomy

    Background:

    • Adaptive optics systems are crucial for directed-energy applications.
    • Tracker performance is limited by atmospheric effects and beacon characteristics.
    • Existing models do not fully account for diffractive effects on tracker accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and analyze the phenomenon of diffractive anisoplanatism.
    • To quantify its impact on the differential jitter between beacon tilt and scoring beam motion.
    • To identify conditions where atmospheric tilt correction may degrade performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of wave propagation through the atmosphere.
    • Development of mathematical expressions for variance and power spectral density of jitter.
    • Validation using wave-optics simulations.

    Main Results:

    • Identified two key diffractive effects: phase-to-amplitude conversion and beam spreading.
    • Derived expressions for differential jitter variance and power spectral density.
    • Determined a critical frequency (fS) above which tilt correction increases jitter.

    Conclusions:

    • Diffractive anisoplanatism presents a fundamental physics limitation on tracker performance.
    • This phenomenon must be considered in conjunction with other practical limitations for directed-energy systems.
    • Accurate modeling requires accounting for diffractive effects beyond geometric optics.