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Diffractive anisoplanatism and tracker bandwidth limitations.

Scot E J Shaw, Erin M Tomlinson

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |September 11, 2019
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Diffractive anisoplanatism limits directed-energy tracker performance by causing beacon tilt and scoring beam motion to differ. Understanding this phenomenon is key to improving accuracy in adaptive optics systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Applied Physics
    • Astronomy

    Background:

    • Adaptive optics systems are crucial for directed-energy applications.
    • Tracker performance is limited by atmospheric effects and beacon characteristics.
    • Existing models do not fully account for diffractive effects on tracker accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and analyze the phenomenon of diffractive anisoplanatism.
    • To quantify its impact on the differential jitter between beacon tilt and scoring beam motion.
    • To identify conditions where atmospheric tilt correction may degrade performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of wave propagation through the atmosphere.
    • Development of mathematical expressions for variance and power spectral density of jitter.
    • Validation using wave-optics simulations.

    Main Results:

    • Identified two key diffractive effects: phase-to-amplitude conversion and beam spreading.
    • Derived expressions for differential jitter variance and power spectral density.
    • Determined a critical frequency (fS) above which tilt correction increases jitter.

    Conclusions:

    • Diffractive anisoplanatism presents a fundamental physics limitation on tracker performance.
    • This phenomenon must be considered in conjunction with other practical limitations for directed-energy systems.
    • Accurate modeling requires accounting for diffractive effects beyond geometric optics.