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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Vascular dysfunction following breath-hold diving.

Otto F Barak1,2, Nebojsa Janjic1, Ivan Drvis3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|September 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breath-hold diving impairs blood vessel function and increases circulating microparticles, suggesting vascular damage contributes to neurological decompression sickness (DCS). This research highlights risks associated with deep and repetitive dives.

Keywords:
apneaapnéeembolies gazeuses veineusesendothelial functionflow-mediated dilationfonction endothélialemicroparticlesmicroparticulesplongée en apnée répétitiverepetitive breath-hold divevasodilatation médiée par le fluxvenous gas emboli

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Marine Biology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Neurological decompression sickness (DCS) pathogenesis is complex, involving gas bubbles, microparticles, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet activation.
  • While SCUBA diving is well-studied, the vascular mechanisms of DCS in breath-hold diving require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vascular damage, specifically endothelial function and microparticle (MP) levels, in breath-hold divers.
  • To assess the role of vascular changes in the genesis of DCS following deep and repetitive breath-hold diving protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Eleven breath-hold divers underwent a field study with deep and repetitive dives over 6 hours.
  • Assessed endothelium-dependent vasodilation via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and quantified circulating microparticles (MPs) before and after diving protocols.
  • Analyzed data using two-way within-subject ANOVA (2x2 ANOVA).

Main Results:

  • Absolute FMD was significantly reduced post-dive for both protocols (p < 0.001).
  • The total number of circulating MPs increased significantly post-dive (p = 0.012).
  • Specific MP subtypes (CD31+/CD41- and CD66b+) also showed significant increases following deep and repetitive dives, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Both deep and repetitive breath-hold diving induce endothelial dysfunction.
  • These vascular changes, including increased MPs, likely play a significant role in the development of neurological DCS in breath-hold divers.