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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Published on: July 16, 2015

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Working Memory Capacity as a Determinant of Proactive Interference and Auditory Distraction.

Gerald Tehan1, Madeleine Arber1, Georgina Anne Tolan2

  • 1University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, AU.

Journal of Cognition
|September 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individual differences in working memory capacity impact cognitive tasks. This study found capacity relates to performance and interference but not suppression or priming, challenging attention-based theories.

Keywords:
AttentionSpeech perceptionWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) are linked to various cognitive functions.
  • Two main theories of WMC exist: executive attention and temporary binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the executive attention and temporary binding theories of WMC.
  • To investigate how proactive interference and irrelevant background speech affect cognitive performance.
  • To examine individual differences in managing these distractions.

Main Methods:

  • A short-term updating task was employed with manipulated proactive interference.
  • Irrelevant background speech was introduced as a secondary distractor.
  • Speech content was designed to either reinforce or interfere with list items.

Main Results:

  • WMC correlated with overall task performance and the degree of proactive interference.
  • No significant individual differences were found in suppressing interfering information.
  • Priming effects from background speech did not show individual variability.

Conclusions:

  • Results offer limited support for the WMC as executive attention model.
  • Some evidence supports the WMC as temporary binding perspective.
  • Certain distraction effects appear to operate outside of voluntary control.