Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays
09:58

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

Published on: March 11, 2011

30.4K

The impact of short-term predominate breastfeeding on cognitive outcome at 5 years

Sonia M Lenehan1,2, Geraldine B Boylan1,2, Vicki Livingstone1,2

  • 1Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|September 15, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Short-term breastfeeding significantly boosts children's IQ scores by age five. This finding supports breastfeeding's role in promoting cognitive development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Breastfeeding offers known benefits, including links to higher IQ, school attendance, and income.
  • Global rates of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months remain low.
  • The impact of short-term breastfeeding on long-term cognitive outcomes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the long-term effects of short-term breastfeeding on children's intelligence quotient (IQ).

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study.
  • Categorization of children at two months into predominantly breastfed (n=288) versus exclusively formula-fed (n=254) groups.
  • Exclusion of mixed-feeding infants (n=404); IQ assessed at five years using KBIT-II; multivariable linear regression adjusted for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Predominantly breastfed children showed a significant increase in overall IQ (2.00 points) and non-verbal IQ (1.88 points) at five years compared to never-breastfed children.
  • These associations remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables.
  • No significant relationship was observed between breastfeeding and verbal IQ.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term breastfeeding is associated with enhanced composite and non-verbal IQ at five years of age.
  • This study reinforces the evidence that early breastfeeding contributes positively to cognitive development.
  • Findings underscore the importance of promoting breastfeeding for long-term child development.
Abstract

Keywords:
IQbreastfeedingcognition

More Related Videos

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells06:41

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Published on: May 19, 2023

2.5K
Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software10:15

Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software

Published on: June 20, 2013

20.8K

Related Concept Videos

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays09:58

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

Here we describe methods to test C. elegans associative learning and short- and long-term associative memory. These population assays employ the worms abilities to chemotax toward volatile odorants, and form positive associations upon pairing food with the chemoattractant butanone. Increasing the number of conditioning periods induces long-term...
30.4K
Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells06:41

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

We present a step-by-step protocol for the isolation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and short-term HSCs (ST-HSCs) using the Hoxb5 reporter...
2.5K
In Vitro Calcium Imaging in Short-Term and Long-Term Rat Hippocampal Cultures03:41

In Vitro Calcium Imaging in Short-Term and Long-Term Rat Hippocampal Cultures

Source: Calvo-Rodríguez, et al. Fluorescence and Bioluminescence Imaging of Subcellular Ca2+ in Aged Hippocampal Neurons. J. Vis. Exp. (2015). This video demonstrates the use of fluorescence imaging to measure cytosolic calcium levels in short-term and long-term rat hippocampal cultures. By comparing young and aged neurons, it highlights how increased L-type voltage-gated calcium channel density and prolonged activation in aged neurons result in calcium overloading, a...
579
Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software10:15

Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software

Locomotor activity (LMA) is a simple and easily performed measurement of behavior in mice. Coupling of video tracking software (VTS) and LMA allows for the improvement of specificity and sensitivity, especially when compared with the manual, line crossing method of LMA analysis. Additionally VTS allows long-term tracking of mouse...
20.8K
Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Here, we present a protocol designed to show how negative aging stereotypes can impair memory performance of older adults during cognitive testing and how to reduce this deleterious effect. This method can help older people to perform at an optimal level during testing in both lab studies and clinical...
7.7K
Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes03:19

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes

This protocol describes the method for reducing dietary intake of folic acid or choline in female mice prior to pregnancy with the objective of investigating the impact of maternal diet on offspring health...
725