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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...

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Prescribed 3-D Direct Writing of Suspended Micron/Sub-micron Scale Fiber Structures via a Robotic Dispensing System

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Architected Polymer Foams via Direct Bubble Writing.

Claas Willem Visser¹, Dahlia N Amato^1,2, Jochen Mueller¹

¹Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|September 20, 2019

Summary

A novel direct bubble writing technique enables high-throughput additive manufacturing of polymer foams. This method allows precise control over bubble characteristics, creating custom materials for applications like soft pressure sensors.

Keywords:

3D printing functionally graded materials polymer foams sensors

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Science
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Polymer foams are cellular solids with properties dependent on phase composition and connectivity.
Current manufacturing methods have limitations in controlling foam architecture at a local level.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a new high-throughput additive manufacturing method, direct bubble writing, for creating polymer foams.
To demonstrate local control over bubble size, volume fraction, and connectivity in fabricated polymer foams.

Main Methods:

Direct bubble writing utilizes rapid generation and patterning of liquid shell-gas core droplets via a core-shell nozzle.
The process involves rapid polymerization of a low-viscosity monomer shell to maintain foam shape.
Foam cell type (open/closed) is controlled by gas selection, and tailoring is achieved by adjusting gas pressure.

Main Results:

Homogeneous and graded polymer foams were fabricated in various motifs, including 3D lattices, shells, and pillars.
The method allows for on-the-fly tailoring of foam properties by adjusting printing parameters.
Conductive composite foams with tunable stiffness were successfully produced for soft pressure sensor applications.

Conclusions:

Direct bubble writing offers a versatile and controllable approach for fabricating advanced polymer foams.
The technology enables the creation of customized cellular structures for diverse applications.
This method holds potential for developing novel materials, such as soft pressure sensors.