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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

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R-CHOP-Associated Graves' Hyperthyroidism.

Natalie Mora1, Katherine N Vu1, Thanh D Hoang1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Case Reports in Oncology
|September 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemotherapy for lymphoma can rarely trigger Graves' disease, a thyroid autoimmune disorder. This case highlights the need for vigilant thyroid monitoring post-treatment.

Keywords:
Graves' diseaseHashimoto's thyroiditisHyperthyroidismR-CHOPRituximabThyroid lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is a known complication of cancer treatment, particularly radiation.
  • Limited data exists on chemotherapy-induced thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune status changes.

Observation:

  • A patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) developed Graves' thyrotoxicosis after R-CHOP chemotherapy.
  • Initial PET-CT and ultrasound confirmed resolution of thyroid lymphoma post-treatment.

Findings:

  • Despite lymphoma resolution, the patient presented with symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including weight loss and fatigue.
  • Laboratory tests revealed suppressed TSH, elevated FT4, and high thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) levels, confirming Graves' disease.
  • This occurred in a patient with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and concurrent thyroid lymphoma.

Implications:

  • This case represents a rare instance of Graves' disease developing post-chemotherapy in a patient with pre-existing thyroid conditions.
  • It underscores the importance of monitoring for both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, as well as autoimmune shifts, in patients treated for lymphoma.
  • Clinicians should be aware of the potential for paradoxical autoimmune thyroid disease development after cancer therapy.