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Functional Somatic Symptoms.

Casper Roenneberg1, Heribert Sattel, Rainer Schaefert

  • 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM); Department of Psychosomatics, University and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg; Psychosomatic Medicine/Neurocenter, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional somatic symptoms affect many people and can be chronic and costly. Treatment should be staged, focusing on biopsychosocial models, communication, self-efficacy, and interdisciplinary management for effective patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Psychology
  • Psychosomatic Medicine
  • General Practice

Background:

  • Functional somatic symptoms (FSS) affect approximately 10% of the general population and one-third of adult patients.
  • These symptoms are often chronic, impair daily functioning and quality of life, and incur significant healthcare costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop empirically based, practical, and user-friendly recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional somatic symptoms.
  • To provide guidance for healthcare professionals across various specialties and levels of care.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature survey involving analysis of 3795 original articles and 3345 reviews.
  • Collaboration with a guideline group comprising 32 medical and psychological professional societies and two patient associations.

Main Results:

  • Three stages of treatment are distinguished based on symptom severity and course: basic investigations/reassurance for early cases, extended diagnostic work-up for persistent symptoms, and multimodal treatment for severe cases.
  • Effective interventions include empathetic communication, information, cautious diagnostics, interdisciplinary cooperation, and active promotion of self-efficacy.
  • Biopsychosocial explanatory models are crucial for understanding and managing FSS.

Conclusions:

  • The cornerstones of diagnosis and treatment are biopsychosocial models, communication, self-efficacy, and interdisciplinary management.
  • This approach ensures safe and efficient patient care from the outset, even when symptom causes are not immediately clear.
  • Emphasis on active interventions and patient empowerment is more effective than passive, organ-focused treatments.