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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
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Why Lungs Keep Time: Circadian Rhythms and Lung Immunity.

Charles Nosal1, Anna Ehlers1, Jeffrey A Haspel1

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Annual Review of Physiology
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Circadian rhythms, daily biological cycles, are crucial for lung immunity and inflammatory diseases. Understanding this biological timing offers new insights into respiratory conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms are daily biological cycles essential for anticipating environmental changes and orchestrating biological processes like immunity.
  • The respiratory system exhibits significant circadian rhythms, with implications for inflammatory lung diseases noted historically.
  • Emerging research highlights the critical role of circadian rhythms in fundamental lung biology and disease processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging research applying circadian rhythm studies to lung biology and respiratory disease.
  • To explore the connection between the molecular circadian clock and immunologic activities in the respiratory system.
  • To identify outstanding questions in lung chronobiology and its potential impact on understanding complex lung diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on circadian rhythms, molecular clocks, and respiratory system immunology.
  • Synthesis of data linking circadian clock function to immune responses in the lung.
  • Identification of key areas for future research in lung chronobiology and disease.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythms are fundamental to lung biology and immune function.
  • The molecular circadian clock influences immunological activities within the respiratory system.
  • Disruptions in biological timing may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung diseases.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of circadian rhythms in the lung is essential for advancing respiratory medicine.
  • Chronobiology offers a novel framework for investigating and potentially treating complex lung diseases.
  • Further research into biological timing mechanisms in the lung is warranted to address outstanding questions.