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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

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The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Molecular Shape and Polarity

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Dipole Moment of a Molecule
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Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

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To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
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Fluorite-structure antiferroelectrics.

Min Hyuk Park1, Cheol Seong Hwang2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|October 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluorite-structure antiferroelectrics, like hafnia and zirconia, show promise for memory devices and energy applications. This review covers their fundamentals, pyroelectricity, antiferroelectricity, and the new morphotropic phase boundary.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Ferroelectricity in fluorite-structure oxides (e.g., hafnia, zirconia) has gained attention since 2011.
  • These materials offer advantages in scalability and silicon compatibility for nonvolatile memory over perovskites.
  • Antiferroelectricity in these oxides, arising from field-induced phase transitions, is crucial for energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review fluorite-structure antiferroelectrics.
  • To explore their fundamentals, pyroelectricity, and antiferroelectricity.
  • To discuss their applications in semiconductor memory and energy conversion/storage.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric fluorite-structure oxides.
  • Analysis of phase transitions and material properties.
  • Compilation of applications in memory devices and energy systems.

Main Results:

  • Fluorite-structure ferroelectrics are suitable for advanced nonvolatile memory.
  • Antiferroelectric properties enable potential applications in thermal-electrical energy conversion and storage.
  • The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases represents significant progress.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorite-structure antiferroelectrics are versatile materials for next-generation semiconductor memory and energy harvesting.
  • Further research into their fundamentals and the MPB is essential for optimizing device performance.
  • These materials hold promise for overcoming limitations of conventional ferroelectric technologies.