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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Current psychiatric diagnostic systems lack neurobiological characterization.
  • Immune system dysfunction and neuroinflammation are increasingly linked to psychiatric disorders.
  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains prevalent with significant unmet needs in understanding its biology, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of neuroinflammation in the etiopathogenesis of depression.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis contributing to depression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current studies on neuroinflammation, gut-brain axis, and depression.

Main Results:

  • Low-grade chronic neuroinflammation appears central to the interplay between psychological stress, gut microbiota, and MDD.
  • Advances in immunology and genetics highlight the connection between immune processes and brain function in psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the development of depression.
  • The gut-brain axis plays a significant role in the neuroinflammatory pathways implicated in major depressive disorder.