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Candiduria; a review article with specific data from Iran

Maral Gharaghani1, Simin Taghipour1,2, Marzieh Halvaeezadeh1

  • 1Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Turkish Journal of Urology
|October 8, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Candida species, known as candiduria, are a growing concern in hospitals. This study found a 16.5% prevalence in Iran, with Candida albicans being the most common cause.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are significant nosocomial infections, with candiduria (Candida in the urinary tract) posing particular challenges.
  • Predisposing factors for candiduria include antibiotic use, instrumentation, diabetes, and prolonged hospitalization, especially in intensive care units (ICUs) and neonatal ICUs (NICUs).
  • While Candida albicans is traditionally the most common cause, non-albicans Candida species are increasingly implicated due to antifungal resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and etiological agents of candiduria in Iranian patients.
  • To compare the findings with global epidemiological data.
  • To identify demographic patterns in candiduria cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of laboratory data for Candida species identification in urine samples.
  • Epidemiological data collection on patient demographics and clinical settings.
  • Microbiological culture and identification of Candida species.

Main Results:

  • The mean prevalence of candiduria in Iranian patients was 16.5%, lower than the worldwide average.
  • Males were more frequently affected than females (M:F ratio of 1.2:1).
  • Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species, followed by non-albicans species such as Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei.

Conclusions:

  • Candiduria is a notable nosocomial infection in Iran, with a prevalence lower than global rates.
  • Candida albicans remains the primary pathogen, but non-albicans species are also significant.
  • Understanding these trends is crucial for effective patient management and infection control strategies.

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