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Frontal lobe syndromes.

Justin Reber1, Daniel Tranel2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Damage to frontal lobe networks causes behavioral changes like apathy and executive dysfunction. This review details syndromes from damage to mediodorsal, dorsolateral, and ventromedial prefrontal circuits.

Keywords:
AbuliaAcquired sociopathyApathyDorsolateralOrbitofrontalPerseverationPrefrontalPseudopsychopathyVentromedial

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The frontal lobes are crucial for complex cognitive functions.
  • They comprise diverse anatomic regions forming intricate cortical-subcortical networks.
  • Damage to these networks can lead to significant behavioral alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of syndromes resulting from damage to prefrontal circuits.
  • To detail common syndromes associated with mediodorsal and dorsolateral prefrontal damage.
  • To specifically review the syndrome linked to ventromedial prefrontal circuit damage, often termed pseudopsychopathy or acquired sociopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of common syndromes associated with frontal lobe circuit damage.
  • Detailed examination of clinical presentations and neuroanatomical correlates.
  • Synthesis of information on mediodorsal, dorsolateral, and ventromedial prefrontal circuit damage.

Main Results:

  • Damage to mediodorsal and dorsolateral prefrontal circuits can cause apathy and executive dysfunction.
  • Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal circuit is associated with specific behavioral changes, including pseudopsychopathy or acquired sociopathy.
  • These findings highlight the distinct functional roles of different prefrontal circuits.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the specific syndromes linked to prefrontal circuit damage is essential for diagnosis and treatment.
  • The ventromedial prefrontal circuit plays a critical role in social cognition and behavior regulation.
  • Further research into these complex networks can improve our understanding of brain-behavior relationships.