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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts
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[Exosomes in the hematopoietic system].

Ai Kotani1, Hiroshi Higuchi1, Masatoshi Kakizaki1

  • 1Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University.

[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology
|October 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, act as intercellular communicators. Research shows exosomes from EBV-infected lymphoma cells are key in lymphomagenesis, with EVs in HBV infection also under investigation.

Keywords:
EBVExosomeHBV

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Oncology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring functional molecules like microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • Exosomes, a type of EV, are abundant in cancer cells and are explored as diagnostic markers.
  • Exosome research in the hematopoietic system is emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of exosomes secreted by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphoma cells in lymphomagenesis.
  • To explore the broader functions of EVs in viral infections, such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of exosome secretion from EBV-infected lymphoma cells.
  • Investigation of EV functions in viral infections.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes secreted from EBV-infected lymphoma cells play critical roles in lymphomagenesis and maintenance.
  • EVs in HBV infection are currently being investigated to understand their generalized functions.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes are significant intercellular communicators with implications in cancer and viral pathogenesis.
  • Further research into EVs in viral infections like EBV and HBV is warranted.