Enhanced surface plasmon microscopy based on multi-channel spatial light switching for label-free neuronal imaging

In this paper, we have investigated multi-channel switching of light incidence in multiple directions to improve image clarity in surface plasmon microscopy (SPM) for robust and consistent imaging performance regardless of the pattern geometry and shape. Multi-channel light switching in SPM allows significant reduction of adverse scattering effects by surface plasmon (SP). For proof of concept, an eight-channel spatially switched SPM (ssSPM) system has been set up. The results with reference objects including square arrays and Siemens stars experimentally confirm much improved images with ssSPM by reducing the artifacts of SP scattering significantly. On a quantitative basis, contrast analysis preformed with square arrays shows image contrast enhanced by more than three times over conventional SPM. Three image reconstruction algorithms were evaluated for optimal image acquisition. It is suggested that averaging combined with minimum-filtering produces the highest resolution. ssSPM was applied to label-free imaging of primary neuron cultures and shown to present enhanced images with clarity far better than conventional SPM.