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Dynamic Treatment Stratification Using ctDNA.

Joana Vidal1,2, Alvaro Taus1,2, Clara Montagut3,4,5

  • 1Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.

Recent Results in Cancer Research. Fortschritte Der Krebsforschung. Progres Dans Les Recherches Sur Le Cancer
|October 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Liquid biopsy, analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), offers a non-invasive method for cancer profiling. It detects actionable mutations and resistance, aiding dynamic treatment stratification in solid tumors.

Keywords:
Acquired resistanceClonal dynamicLiquid biopsyTumor heterogeneityctDNA

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate genomic profiling is crucial for solid malignancy treatment and understanding tumor adaptation to therapy.
  • Tumor cells develop resistance through clonal expansion and genomic alterations.
  • Current standard tumor tissue biopsy has limitations in feasibility and capturing tumor heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the biological rationale and technical background of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis.
  • To discuss the main clinical applications of liquid biopsy in dynamic treatment stratification for solid tumors.
  • To highlight the benefits of ctDNA implementation in clinical practice for melanoma, lung, and colorectal cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fragments in blood.
  • Utilizing advanced sequencing platforms for high-sensitivity variant detection.
  • Comparing liquid biopsy with traditional tumor tissue biopsy.

Main Results:

  • Liquid biopsy offers non-invasive tumor genotyping with potential to represent molecular heterogeneity.
  • Advances in sequencing enable sensitive detection and quantification of low-level ctDNA.
  • ctDNA analysis provides insights into actionable mutations and real-time tumor dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid biopsy is a valuable tool for molecular diagnosis, response assessment, and monitoring resistance.
  • It aids in detecting minimal residual disease and dynamic treatment stratification.
  • ctDNA analysis holds significant potential for improving clinical practice in solid tumors like melanoma, lung, and colorectal cancer.