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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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High-efficiency apodized bidirectional grating coupler for perfectly vertical coupling.

Zanyun Zhang, Xia Chen, Qian Cheng

    Optics Letters
    |October 16, 2019
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed an apodized bidirectional grating coupler for efficient vertical light coupling. This device improves coupling efficiency and reduces reflections, offering robust performance for optical communication systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Efficient light coupling between optical fibers and integrated photonic circuits is crucial for optical communication and sensing.
    • Existing grating couplers often suffer from limited efficiency, parasitic reflections, and sensitivity to misalignment.
    • Bidirectional coupling is desirable for certain advanced photonic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel apodized bidirectional grating coupler.
    • To enhance coupling efficiency (CE) and minimize parasitic reflections.
    • To investigate the robustness and performance of the proposed grating coupler.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and simulation of an apodized grating coupler utilizing subwavelength gratings.
    • Fabrication of the grating coupler for experimental validation.
    • Experimental measurement of coupling efficiency, bandwidth, and robustness to misalignment.

    Main Results:

    • Simulated record coupling efficiency of 72%.
    • Experimentally measured coupling efficiency of -1.8 dB.
    • Achieved a 1-dB bandwidth of 37 nm.
    • Demonstrated robustness to variations in mode field diameter and fiber misalignment.

    Conclusions:

    • The apodized bidirectional grating coupler offers high-efficiency and vertical light coupling.
    • Subwavelength gratings facilitate fabrication and improve performance.
    • The demonstrated device is a promising component for integrated photonic systems.