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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis Vaccine Development: Progress in Clinical Evaluation.

Suraj B Sable1, James E Posey2, Thomas J Scriba3,4,5

  • 1Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA SSable@cdc.gov.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|November 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine shows promise in clinical trials, offering hope beyond the current bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Research is accelerating to develop safer, more effective TB vaccines to combat this global infectious disease.

Keywords:
clinical trialsdesired attributesdevelopmental trajectorynatural immunitynew TB vaccinestuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious diseases and vaccinology.
  • Immunology and microbiology of tuberculosis.

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global infectious killer, with the current bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine having limitations.
  • Despite extensive research, a highly effective and safe TB vaccine is urgently needed to prevent infection, disease, and recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of natural immunity to TB and limitations of BCG.
  • To outline desired attributes for modern TB vaccines.
  • To provide an overview of TB vaccine candidates in clinical trials and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on TB immunology, vaccine platforms, and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of efficacy signals from recent phase 2b clinical trials.
  • Synthesis of knowledge on TB infection spectrum and immunology.

Main Results:

  • Recent phase 2b clinical trials observed efficacy signals for novel TB vaccine candidates in adolescents and infected adults.
  • Expanded knowledge of TB immunology and infection spectrum is driving innovative vaccine design.
  • The TB vaccine field is reinvigorated by these promising developments.

Conclusions:

  • Novel TB vaccine candidates show potential for improved efficacy over BCG.
  • Continued research and development are crucial to accelerate the trajectory of TB vaccine R&D.
  • Building on recent successes is key to developing a modern, effective TB vaccine.