The Future of Clinical Immunology Laboratory Testing

For decades, autoantibody detection has comprised the bulk of clinical laboratory immunology. However, most immune disorders are caused by imbalances in both humoral and cellular immunity. Our knowledge of the immune system has grown exponentially, resulting in new treatment paradigms in immunology. Extensive functional characterization of lymphocyte subsets is routinely carried out in a research laboratories, facilitated by the emergence of high-dimensional analysis technologies for low cell numbers. It will not be long before these approaches enter the diagnostic realm. This chapter outlines emerging trends in laboratory immunology testing with a focus on deep immune profiling or high-dimensional testing modalities.