Fabrication of natural-origin antibacterial nanocellulose films using bio-extracts for potential use in biomedical industry

This study explores the modification of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), produced in fermented tea medium with bio-extracts from herbal plants, to produce entirely natural antibacterial nanocellulose films. The antibacterial property was imparted by impregnating the synthesized BNC into bio-extracts of Terminalia arjuna (arjuna), Azadirachta indica (neem), Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (giloy), and Murraya koenigii (curry leaves). FE-SEM analysis of modified BNC films revealed the presence of cloudy layer of bio-extracts over the BNC nanofibrous network. The modified BNC production was confirmed by ATR-FTIR. The modified BNC showed tremendous antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Aerococcus viridians (A. viridans). T. arjuna modified BNC showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli and A. viridans with inhibition zone of 27.08 mm and 26.34 mm, respectively, while M. koeniggi modified BNC showed the lowest antibacterial activity for both E. coli and A. viridans with inhibition zone of 14 mm and 14.2 mm, respectively. The water retention, moisture content and porosity values reflect highly hydrophilic nature of BNC films and their well suitability for varied biomedical applications like antibacterial wound dressings, herbal biomasks, scaffoldings, etc. The modification of BNC films with the bio-extracts used in this study has not been reported previously.