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Frontal Contribution to Hippocampal Hyperactivity During Memory Encoding in Aging.

Lars Nyberg1,2,3, Micael Andersson2,3, Anders Lundquist3,4

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Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
|November 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show reduced hippocampal activation during memory encoding, but those at higher dementia risk exhibit paradoxical hyper-activation linked to altered brain connectivity.

Keywords:
agingcognitive controlepisodic memoryhippocampuspattern completion bias

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Hippocampal activation patterns during memory tasks vary in older adults, with both hypo- and hyper-activation reported.
  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) influences hippocampal function via top-down signals, which may be disrupted in aging.
  • Understanding these neural changes is crucial for identifying biomarkers of cognitive decline and dementia risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in hippocampal activation during memory encoding and retrieval using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To compare neural activity and functional connectivity in older adults who remained in a longitudinal study versus those who dropped out due to cognitive decline.
  • To explore the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) connectivity with the hippocampus in predicting memory performance and dementia risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fMRI data from over 500 cross-sectional and longitudinal observations during a face-name encoding-retrieval task.
  • Compared brain activation patterns between younger and older adults, and between older adults who completed the study and those who dropped out.
  • Analyzed functional connectivity between frontal and hippocampal regions, specifically focusing on the right PFC and anterior hippocampus (aHC).

Main Results:

  • Observed age-related hypo-activation in the anterior hippocampus during memory encoding.
  • Older adults who dropped out (indicating lower memory performance and higher dementia risk) showed hyper-activation in the right anterior and posterior hippocampus during encoding.
  • Dropouts exhibited altered functional connectivity, with elevated right PFC to aHC connectivity during encoding, and distinct PFC activation patterns compared to remainers.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related anterior hippocampal hypo-activation during encoding is a general pattern.
  • Paradoxical hippocampal hyper-activation in older adults at elevated dementia risk may stem from disrupted top-down PFC control.
  • Altered frontal-hippocampal connectivity during memory encoding could serve as a neural marker for cognitive decline and increased pathology risk.