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Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy
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Light-Emitting-Diode-Based Multispectral Photoacoustic Computed Tomography System.

Sumit Agrawal1, Christopher Fadden2, Ajay Dangi1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a portable, low-cost photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) system using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The LED-PACT system achieves high-resolution functional and molecular imaging, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional laser-based methods.

Keywords:
functional imaginglight-emitting diodes (LED)molecular imagingoxygen saturationphotoacoustic computed tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Optical Physics
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) enables non-ionizing functional and molecular imaging.
  • Traditional PACT systems often rely on bulky, expensive tunable lasers for deep tissue light penetration.
  • Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) present a cost-effective and portable alternative illumination source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a portable, low-cost, five-dimensional (x, y, z, t, λ) PACT system utilizing multi-wavelength LED excitation.
  • To demonstrate that LED-based PACT can achieve functional and molecular imaging capabilities comparable to laser-based systems.
  • To validate the system's performance for pre-clinical and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • A portable, low-cost PACT system was designed using multi-wavelength LED arrays and a rotating cylindrical geometry.
  • The system incorporates a linear ultrasound transducer detector array for data acquisition.
  • Tissue-mimicking phantoms were used to validate structural, functional, and molecular imaging capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The LED-PACT system achieved resolutions of 0.12 mm (axial), 0.3 mm (lateral), and 2.1 mm (elevational) at a depth of 2.3 cm.
  • Multispectral molecular imaging was demonstrated using spectrally unmixed contrasts of various contrast agents (hemoglobin, ICG, methylene blue, melanin).
  • Structural and functional oxygen saturation imaging was achieved using human-finger-mimicking phantoms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LED-based PACT system is portable, low-cost, and capable of high-resolution functional and molecular imaging.
  • This technology offers a viable alternative to expensive laser-based PACT systems.
  • The LED-PACT system shows significant potential for diverse pre-clinical and clinical imaging applications.