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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
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Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
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Crystalline Domain Battery Materials.

Xu Zhang1, Haijun Yu1

  • 1College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|November 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Crystalline domain battery materials (CDBMs) offer enhanced performance through hierarchical engineering of nanoscale crystal domains. Understanding their structure-property relationships is key to developing advanced electrode materials for next-generation batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Next-generation secondary batteries require advanced energy storage materials with precisely engineered local structures.
  • Crystalline domain battery materials (CDBMs) are hierarchically engineered materials utilizing nanoscale crystal domains as fundamental units.
  • Controlling crystal domain configurations is crucial for electrochemical synergy and overall battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically introduce the structure and electrochemistry of CDBMs.
  • To address challenges in structural identification, electrochemical evolution, reaction mechanisms, and design principles of CDBMs.
  • To elucidate the structure-performance relationships for optimizing electrode materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced characterization techniques like high-energy X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement and spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy for structural identification.
  • Employed ex-situ and in-situ techniques to investigate the structural evolution of CDBMs during electrochemical reactions.
  • Proposed a crystal-domain reaction mechanism based on observed ion migration and domain transformations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated efficient structural identification of complex crystal domains in prototype CDBMs.
  • Provided insights into ion migration and synergistic crystal domain transformations during electrochemical reactions.
  • Deduced design principles and adjustment strategies for CDBMs based on structural and mechanistic understanding.

Conclusions:

  • CDBMs show significant potential for enhancing electrochemical performance through crystal-domain engineering.
  • A deeper understanding of structure-performance relationships is essential for developing high-performance electrode materials.
  • Envisioned rapid enrichment, deep investigation, and practical application of CDBMs in energy storage.