Validation of Highly Accelerated Wave-CAIPI SWI Compared with Conventional SWI and T2*-Weighted Gradient...

SWI is valuable for characterization of intracranial hemorrhage and mineralization but has long acquisition times. We compared a highly accelerated wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) SWI sequence with 2 commonly used alternatives, standard SWI and T2*-weighted gradient recalled-echo (T2*W GRE), for routine clinical brain imaging at 3T.

A total of 246 consecutive adult patients were prospectively evaluated using a conventional SWI or T2*W GRE sequence and an optimized wave-CAIPI SWI sequence, which was 3-5 times faster than the standard sequence. Two blinded radiologists scored each sequence for the presence of hemorrhage, the number of microhemorrhages, and severity of motion artifacts. Wave-CAIPI SWI was then evaluated in head-to-head comparison with the conventional sequences for visualization of pathology, artifacts, and overall diagnostic quality. Forced-choice comparisons were used for all scores. Wave-CAIPI SWI was tested for superiority relative to T2*W GRE and for noninferiority relative to standard SWI using a 15% noninferiority margin.

Compared with T2*W GRE, wave-CAIPI SWI detected hemorrhages in more cases (P < .001) and detected more microhemorrhages (P < .001). Wave-CAIPI SWI was superior to T2*W GRE for visualization of pathology, artifacts, and overall diagnostic quality (all P < .001). Compared with standard SWI, wave-CAIPI SWI showed no difference in the presence or number of hemorrhages identified. Wave-CAIPI SWI was noninferior to standard SWI for the visualization of pathology (P < .001), artifacts (P < .01), and overall diagnostic quality (P < .01). Motion was less severe with wave-CAIPI SWI than with standard SWI (P < .01).

Wave-CAIPI SWI provided superior visualization of pathology and overall diagnostic quality compared with T2*W GRE and was noninferior to standard SWI with reduced scan times and reduced motion artifacts.